Since the first decade of the twenty-first century, numerous academics suggest that there are "
at least" 2 million or
"more than" 2 million people of Turkish origin
[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]
or 5% of Germany's 82 million inhabitants (accounting to 4.1 million)
[13][15]
(some academics have also quoted the much higher estimates of European officials, suggesting as many as 4 million Turks living in Germany, including descendants)
[16]
"Turkey-related population":
(including Turkish-Kurds and other minorities from Turkey, but excluding the significant ethnic
Turkish communities from the
Balkans,
Cyprus, and the
Arab World):
4 million or
"reaching" or
"more than" 5 million
[17][18][19]